Layer 2

Optimism open-sourced the OP Stack under the MIT license, winning the battle for L2 standards, but failed to retain Base due to the lack of a value-capture mechanism. As interoperability remains delayed and revenue becomes highly dependent on a single member, the structural imbalance within the alliance is fully exposed. Winning a standard does not necessarily build a moat—distribution and user relationships are the true barriers in the L2 era.

This article analyzes the fundamental differences between Solana (SOL) and Ethereum across architecture design, consensus mechanisms, scaling paths, and node structure, building a clear and reusable framework for comparing public blockchains.

As the Linea airdrop approaches, its economic model and ETH-first mechanism are drawing strong interest from the market. Leveraging a dual deflationary engine, native staking, and the reinvestment of its ecosystem fund, Linea is striving to become a value-enhancing extension for Ethereum, redefining the dynamics between L2 and L1.

This article provides a detailed analysis of Zircuit's technical architecture, including its construction based on the OP Stack Codebase, Sequencer-level security enhancements, Modular Proof systems, and innovations such as AI integration. The article also explores the background of Zircuit's collaboration with Eigenlayer, revealing its differentiated competitive advantages in the Layer 2 space.

Although Layer 2 (L2) plays a crucial role in innovation and economic progress, excessive reliance on L2 may undermine the network effects of Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1). The article proposes the concept of Supersonic Rollup, a native Rollup design that combines data availability, execution, and sequencing, aiming to enhance rather than weaken Ethereum's network effects.

Although L2 plays an important role in innovation and economic advancement, over-reliance on L2 may weaken the network effect of Ethereum Layer 1 (L1). The article proposes the concept of ultrasonic Rollup, which is a native Rollup design that combines data availability, execution, and ordering, aiming to enhance rather than weaken Ethereum's network effect.

Gas fees hit a new low, L1 is back in the spotlight, is L2 still necessary? This article focuses on the Based Rollup architecture, analyzing how it leverages the Ethereum mainnet to achieve decentralized ordering and higher security.

Sophon is a Validium Layer 2 network built on the zkSync Elastic Chain, dedicated to creating a Web3 consumption application ecosystem aimed at ordinary users, covering scenarios such as gaming, socializing, and AI.

This article comprehensively outlines the scalability paths of Web3 parallel computing, covering mainstream architectures such as Monad, MegaETH, Sui, and Solana. It reveals the key design concepts and development trends of the next generation of high-performance blockchains, from account-level and object-level to the Actor model.

As L1 infrastructure becomes commoditized, the debate over the Fat protocol is giving way to the Fat application protocol. This report reveals why applications will dominate value capture, and how projects like Uniswap and Jupiter are reshaping the industry through independent chains and vertical integration.

Ed Felten, co-founder of Offchain Labs, shares his journey from academia and policy to blockchain entrepreneurship. He discusses the technical evolution of Arbitrum, the impact of Layer2 on the Ethereum ecosystem, and the long-term vision for the integration of blockchain and AI.

Metis is reshaping the Layer2 growth narrative by focusing on AI infrastructure. Through the Metis SDK and LazAI protocol, it is building an “AI-native execution layer” and exploring new paradigms of on-chain AI data sovereignty and value distribution.

Every blockchain tries to achieve a balance with respect to the blockchain trilemma: balancing speed, security, and decentralization. Projects can often only prioritize two features at the expense of a third.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the limitations of common ETH narratives, including its positioning as leveraged beta to Bitcoin, ultrasound money, digital oil, the global settlement layer, and the chain with the most economic activity.

The price of the ZKsync token, ZK, plummeted due to a security incident. Attackers used an airdrop distribution contract's admin account to mint a large number of unclaimed airdrop tokens and sell them on-chain. This incident not only exposed vulnerabilities in ZKsync’s contract management but also sparked widespread discussion about the security and reliability of Layer 2 technologies.